{"id":229425,"date":"2023-01-25T12:08:29","date_gmt":"2023-01-25T03:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dei.so\/?p=229425"},"modified":"2026-09-17T16:32:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T07:32:32","slug":"what-is-the-difference-between-biogenic-and-non-biogenic-carbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/what-is-the-difference-between-biogenic-and-non-biogenic-carbon\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc0dd\ubb3c\uae30\uc6d0 \ud0c4\uc18c\uc640 \ube44\uc0dd\ubb3c\uae30\uc6d0 \ud0c4\uc18c\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc810"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"229425\" class=\"elementor elementor-229425\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7038912 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-default-div e-43ac7e1\" data-id=\"7038912\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"7038912\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88c85f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"88c85f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"deiso-biogenic-carbon-block\">\r\n  <style>\r\n    .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block * { box-sizing: border-box; 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}\r\n      .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block table{ min-width:0; }\r\n      .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block thead{ display:none; }\r\n      .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block tbody tr{ display:block; background:#f7fafc !important; border:1px solid rgba(26,26,26,0.06); border-radius:14px; padding:14px 16px; margin-bottom:12px; }\r\n      .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block tbody tr:last-child{ margin-bottom:0; }\r\n      .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block tbody td{ display:block; padding:6px 0 !important; border-bottom:none; font-size:15.5px; }\r\n      .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block tbody td::before{ content:attr(data-label); display:block; font-size:11px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.08em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#006675 !important; margin-bottom:2px; }\r\n      .deiso-biogenic-carbon-block tbody tr:hover td{ background:transparent !important; }\r\n    }\r\n  <\/style>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"block-outer\">\r\n    <div class=\"block-card\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <span class=\"block-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/blog-posts\/\">\ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \uac8c\uc2dc\ubb3c<\/a><\/span>\r\n        <h2>\uac1c\uc694<\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Carbon is the building block of all organic compounds and moves continuously between living organisms, the atmosphere, the oceans, and the geological record. In carbon accounting and life cycle assessment, that carbon is separated into two categories &mdash; <strong>biogenic<\/strong>, originating in living biomass, and <strong>non-biogenic<\/strong> or <strong>fossil<\/strong>, originating in geological reservoirs.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n        <div class=\"callout-panel\">\r\n          <p>\r\n            The distinction is not chemical. A molecule of CO&#8322; from burning wood is identical to a molecule of CO&#8322; from burning coal, and both trap the same amount of heat. The distinction is about <strong>where the carbon came from and how quickly it returns<\/strong> &mdash; and that difference is what determines how each is treated in a carbon footprint, an EPD, or a corporate inventory.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <p style=\"margin-top:18px;\">\r\n          This article defines both categories, gives practical examples across sectors, and explains how each is handled under ISO 14067, ISO 14040\/14044, EN 15804, and the GHG Protocol &mdash; because getting this wrong is one of the most common errors in a product carbon footprint.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <h2>Biogenic carbon<\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Biogenic carbon is carbon that was fixed from atmospheric CO&#8322; by living organisms through photosynthesis, and is held in biomass &mdash; plants, trees, crops, animals, and the organic matter derived from them. It participates in the <strong>short carbon cycle<\/strong>, moving between atmosphere and biosphere over timescales ranging from a single growing season to a century or more, depending on the organism.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Because it was recently removed from the atmosphere, releasing it returns carbon that the atmosphere gave up in the recent past. Where the biomass source regrows, the release and the uptake balance over the growth cycle. Where it does not regrow, that balance breaks &mdash; which is the central caveat of the whole subject.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <h3>Practical examples of biogenic carbon<\/h3>\r\n        <ul class=\"page-list\">\r\n          <li><strong>Timber and engineered wood<\/strong> &mdash; structural timber, CLT, plywood, and particleboard, which store biogenic carbon for the service life of the building.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Paper, board, and packaging<\/strong> &mdash; short-lived storage, with carbon released at end of life through decomposition or incineration.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Natural fibres<\/strong> &mdash; cotton, wool, jute, hemp, and viscose from wood pulp.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Bio-based plastics<\/strong> &mdash; PLA from corn starch, bio-PE from sugarcane ethanol, bio-PET.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Biofuels<\/strong> &mdash; bioethanol, biodiesel, HVO, and biomethane from anaerobic digestion.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Biomass energy<\/strong> &mdash; wood pellets, forestry residues, bagasse, and black liquor burned in pulp mills.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Food and agricultural products<\/strong> &mdash; all crops, livestock products, and the carbon in food waste.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Organic waste streams<\/strong> &mdash; the biogenic fraction of municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and green waste.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Biochar<\/strong> &mdash; biomass carbon converted to a stable form and applied to soil, where the storage is long-lived.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Natural rubber, cork, bamboo, and starch-based adhesives.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <h2>Non-biogenic (fossil) carbon<\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Non-biogenic carbon is carbon held in geological reservoirs &mdash; coal, oil, natural gas, peat in some accounting frameworks, and mineral carbonates such as limestone. It also originated in living organisms, but hundreds of millions of years ago, and it has been isolated from the atmosphere ever since. It moves in the <strong>long carbon cycle<\/strong>, over timescales of millions of years.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Burning or processing it transfers carbon from that long-term reservoir into the atmosphere on a timescale of seconds, with no corresponding uptake on any human-relevant horizon. That is the entire basis of the climate problem: a one-way flow from geology into the atmosphere.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <h3>Practical examples of non-biogenic carbon<\/h3>\r\n        <ul class=\"page-list\">\r\n          <li><strong>Fossil fuels<\/strong> &mdash; coal, crude oil, diesel, petrol, natural gas, LPG, and petroleum coke.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Conventional plastics and polymers<\/strong> &mdash; PE, PP, PET, PVC, polystyrene, and synthetic rubber.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Petrochemicals<\/strong> &mdash; ethylene, propylene, methanol, solvents, and the chemical intermediates derived from them.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Process CO&#8322; from cement<\/strong> &mdash; released when limestone is calcined to produce clinker, chemically rather than from combustion.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Process CO&#8322; from lime, glass, and soda ash production<\/strong>, from the same carbonate decomposition.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Metallurgical coke and carbon anodes<\/strong> &mdash; in steel and aluminium production, acting as reductant rather than fuel.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Bitumen, asphalt, lubricants, and waxes.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Synthetic fertilisers and industrial gases<\/strong> made from natural gas feedstock.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Carbon black, graphite, and synthetic fibres<\/strong> such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Volcanic and geological CO&#8322;<\/strong> &mdash; a natural non-biogenic flux, though not anthropogenic.<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <h2>The two compared<\/h2>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"table-caption\">Biogenic and non-biogenic carbon<\/span>\r\n        <div class=\"table-wrap\">\r\n          <table>\r\n            <thead>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <th style=\"width:22%;\">Aspect<\/th>\r\n                <th style=\"width:39%;\">Biogenic<\/th>\r\n                <th style=\"width:39%;\">Non-biogenic (fossil)<\/th>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n            <\/thead>\r\n            <tbody>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Aspect\">Origin<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Recently fixed from atmospheric CO&#8322; by photosynthesis<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Geological reservoirs formed over millions of years<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Aspect\">Cycle<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Short carbon cycle &mdash; seasons to centuries<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Long carbon cycle &mdash; millions of years<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Aspect\">Effect of release<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Returns carbon the biosphere recently absorbed; balanced only if the source regrows<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Adds carbon to the active cycle that was previously isolated from it<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Aspect\">Radiative effect of the molecule<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Identical &mdash; CO&#8322; is CO&#8322;<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Identical &mdash; CO&#8322; is CO&#8322;<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Aspect\">Standard treatment<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Reported separately; often characterised at zero net under the &plusmn;1 convention<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Fully counted in the carbon footprint at the applicable GWP<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Aspect\">Key risk in accounting<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Assuming carbon neutrality without confirming regrowth or land use change<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Omitting process emissions that are not from combustion<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n            <\/tbody>\r\n          <\/table>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <h2>How LCA handles the distinction<\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          This is where the difference stops being academic. Every product carbon footprint, EPD, and corporate inventory has to decide how to treat biogenic carbon, and the choice materially changes the result.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <h3>The &plusmn;1 convention<\/h3>\r\n        <p>\r\n          The standard approach records biogenic carbon uptake and release as a matched pair. Carbon absorbed into biomass enters the inventory as a negative flow; carbon released at end of life enters as a positive one.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n        <div class=\"eq-panel\">\r\n          <span class=\"eq\">CO\u2082<sub>biogenic uptake<\/sub> = &minus;1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CO&#8322;<sub>biogenic release<\/sub> = +1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net = 0<\/span>\r\n          <p class=\"eq-note\">\r\n            Over a full cradle-to-grave boundary with sustainable regrowth, the two cancel. This is the &ldquo;carbon neutral biomass&rdquo; assumption &mdash; and it holds only when the boundary is complete and the biomass genuinely regrows.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <h3>Separate reporting is mandatory<\/h3>\r\n        <p>\r\n          \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 <strong>ISO 14067<\/strong>, biogenic and fossil contributions must be reported separately, not merged into a single figure. <strong>EN 15804+A2<\/strong>, which governs construction EPDs, requires the same, with biogenic carbon content declared and uptake and release allocated to defined modules. A carbon footprint that presents one combined number without disclosing the split is not compliant with either.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <h3>Where the neutrality assumption breaks<\/h3>\r\n        <ol class=\"num-list\">\r\n          <li><span class=\"num-badge\">1<\/span><strong>Cradle-to-gate boundaries.<\/strong> If the study stops at the factory gate, biogenic uptake is counted but the eventual release is not &mdash; producing an artificially negative footprint. This is the single most common way biogenic accounting is abused.<\/li>\r\n          <li><span class=\"num-badge\">2<\/span><strong>No regrowth.<\/strong> If forest is cleared and not replanted, or harvest exceeds growth, the uptake never happens and neutrality is fiction.<\/li>\r\n          <li><span class=\"num-badge\">3<\/span><strong>Timing.<\/strong> A tree releases its carbon in an hour of combustion and takes decades to be reabsorbed. The atmosphere carries the extra CO&#8322; throughout that gap, producing real warming that a net-zero characterisation records as nothing.<\/li>\r\n          <li><span class=\"num-badge\">4<\/span><strong>Biogenic methane.<\/strong> When biogenic carbon decomposes anaerobically &mdash; in landfill, in a digester, or in ruminant digestion &mdash; it is released as CH&#8324;, not CO&#8322;. Methane has a far higher global warming potential, so the release is <em>\uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/em> neutral even though the carbon is biogenic. Biogenic CH&#8324; must always be counted.<\/li>\r\n          <li><span class=\"num-badge\">5<\/span><strong>Land use change.<\/strong> Converting forest or grassland to cropland releases soil and vegetation carbon that sits outside the product&rsquo;s own carbon balance and frequently dwarfs it.<\/li>\r\n        <\/ol>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"amber-panel\">\r\n          <span class=\"amber-label\">The claim that fails review<\/span>\r\n          <p>\r\n            &ldquo;Our product is carbon negative because it is bio-based.&rdquo; This is only defensible with a cradle-to-grave boundary, evidence of sustainable sourcing and regrowth, land use change accounted for, and the storage duration stated. Without those four, it is a cradle-to-gate artefact.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <h3>Timing and GWP-bio<\/h3>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Because the delay between release and reabsorption produces real radiative forcing, dynamic LCA methods and GWP-bio characterisation factors have been developed to account for it. These assign a non-zero value to biogenic CO&#8322; based on the rotation period of the biomass &mdash; short for annual crops, substantial for slow-growing forest. They are not yet default practice, but they are increasingly expected where the rotation period is long and the claim is significant.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <h3>Carbon storage in products<\/h3>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Where biogenic carbon is held in a durable product &mdash; timber in a building, for instance &mdash; the storage is real but temporary, and standards require the duration to be declared rather than treated as permanent removal. EN 15804 handles this through module-level reporting; ISO 14067 requires the storage period and the end-of-life fate to be stated.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <h2>Worked examples: how the split appears in practice<\/h2>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"table-caption\">Biogenic and fossil carbon in real product systems<\/span>\r\n        <div class=\"table-wrap\">\r\n          <table>\r\n            <thead>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <th style=\"width:24%;\">Product system<\/th>\r\n                <th style=\"width:38%;\">Biogenic carbon<\/th>\r\n                <th style=\"width:38%;\">Non-biogenic carbon<\/th>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n            <\/thead>\r\n            <tbody>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Timber-framed building<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Carbon stored in structural timber for the building&rsquo;s service life; released at demolition<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Diesel in forestry and haulage, kiln drying energy, adhesives, fixings, concrete foundations<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Paper packaging<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Fibre carbon; released at incineration or in landfill decomposition<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Pulping and drying energy where fossil-fuelled, chemicals, coatings, transport<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">PLA bioplastic<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Carbon in the polymer from corn starch; released on composting or incineration<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Fertiliser, farm machinery, fermentation and polymerisation energy, land use change if applicable<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Bioethanol fuel<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">CO&#8322; from combustion of the ethanol itself<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Cultivation, fertiliser (which also drives N&#8322;O), distillation heat, transport<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Cement and concrete<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Only where biomass fuels are co-fired in the kiln<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Calcination process CO&#8322; from limestone plus fossil kiln fuel &mdash; the process share is the majority<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Steel via blast furnace<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Negligible, unless charcoal replaces coke<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Coking coal as reductant, sinter plant fuel, electricity<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Municipal waste incineration<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Food, paper, garden, and textile fractions &mdash; reported separately<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Plastics and synthetic textiles &mdash; this fraction determines the plant&rsquo;s reportable emissions<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Landfill<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Organic fraction, largely released as biogenic <strong>methane<\/strong> &mdash; counted, not neutral<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Site energy and equipment; plastics largely inert<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Dairy or beef production<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Feed carbon; enteric fermentation releases biogenic <strong>methane<\/strong> &mdash; counted in full<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Fertiliser, farm fuel, refrigeration, processing and transport<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n              <tr>\r\n                <td class=\"col-key\" data-label=\"Product system\">Cotton versus polyester textile<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Biogenic\">Cotton fibre carbon<\/td>\r\n                <td data-label=\"Non-biogenic\">Polyester is entirely fossil-derived; cotton carries irrigation, fertiliser, and processing energy<\/td>\r\n              <\/tr>\r\n            <\/tbody>\r\n          <\/table>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"soft-panel\">\r\n          <span class=\"panel-label\">A pattern worth noticing<\/span>\r\n          <p>\r\n            In most bio-based product systems, the fossil carbon in cultivation, processing, and transport is what actually decides the footprint &mdash; not the biogenic carbon in the material. A bio-based product made with fossil-powered processing can carry a higher footprint than the conventional product it replaces.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <h2>How the frameworks treat it<\/h2>\r\n        <ul class=\"page-list\">\r\n          <li><strong>ISO 14067<\/strong> &mdash; requires biogenic and fossil contributions to be quantified and reported separately, with carbon storage and its duration declared.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>ISO 14040 \ubc0f ISO 14044<\/strong> &mdash; the framework governing boundary, functional unit, allocation, and the critical review that comparative claims require.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>EN 15804+A2<\/strong> &mdash; mandates declaration of biogenic carbon content in construction products and allocates uptake and release across defined life cycle modules.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>GHG \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c<\/strong> &mdash; biogenic CO&#8322; from combustion is reported separately from the scopes, while biogenic CH&#8324; and N&#8322;O are reported within them.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>IPCC guidelines<\/strong> &mdash; national inventories account for biomass carbon in the land use sector rather than the energy sector, to avoid double counting.<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>PAS 2050 and the GHG Protocol Product Standard<\/strong> &mdash; parallel product-level guidance with their own biogenic treatment rules.<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"block-section\">\r\n        <h2>Summary<\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Biogenic and non-biogenic carbon are chemically identical and climatically different, because of where the carbon came from and how quickly it goes back. Fossil carbon moves one way, from a reservoir isolated for millions of years into the active cycle. Biogenic carbon circulates, and can be genuinely near-neutral where the biomass regrows &mdash; but only where it regrows, only across a complete boundary, only where land use change is accounted for, and never when the release takes the form of methane.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n        <p>\r\n          For anyone producing a carbon footprint, the practical rules are short: report the two separately, take the boundary to end of life, count biogenic methane in full, evidence the sourcing, and state the storage duration rather than implying permanence. Those disclosures are what separate a defensible bio-based claim from one that will not survive review.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c99a1fb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c99a1fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74c01086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"74c01086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-outer\">\r\n<style>\r\n.deiso-lcahub-outer{max-width:1200px;margin:30px auto 12px;padding:0 24px;font-family:'Jost',sans-serif;box-sizing:border-box;}\r\n.deiso-lcahub-outer,.deiso-lcahub-outer *,.deiso-lcahub-outer *::before,.deiso-lcahub-outer 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h5{font-size:17px;}.deiso-lcahub-card p{font-size:14.5px;}}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-grid\">\r\n\r\n<!-- 1 \u2014 LCA Project Execution -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M3 20h18\"><\/path><path d=\"M6 16l4-5 3 3 5-7\"><\/path><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"16\" r=\"1.2\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"11\" r=\"1.2\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"13\" cy=\"14\" r=\"1.2\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"7\" r=\"1.2\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/circle><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>LCA \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uc218\ud589<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>End-to-end Life Cycle Assessment delivery for products, systems, and value chains. Scientific rigor, structured workflows, and defensible, verification-ready deliverables.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn deiso-lcahub-btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/deiso-enterprise-life-cycle-assessment-lca-services\/\"><span>\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 2 \u2014 LCA Critical Review -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M12 3l7 4v5c0 5-3.5 7.5-7 9-3.5-1.5-7-4-7-9V7l7-4z\"><\/path><path d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>LCA critical review \u2014 ISO 14040 \/ 14044<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Independent technical assessment of completed LCA studies. Methodological consistency, transparency of assumptions, and conformance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn deiso-lcahub-btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/lca-critical-review\/\"><span>\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 3 \u2014 LCI Database -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><ellipse cx=\"12\" cy=\"5\" rx=\"7\" ry=\"3\"><\/ellipse><path d=\"M5 5v7c0 1.7 3.1 3 7 3s7-1.3 7-3V5\"><\/path><path d=\"M5 12v7c0 1.7 3.1 3 7 3s7-1.3 7-3v-7\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>DEISO agri and industrial LCI database<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Curated life cycle inventory data and emission factors supporting modeling efficiency, data coverage, and analytical consistency across agricultural and industrial applications.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/deiso-agri-industrial-lci-database\/\"><span>\ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 4 \u2014 LCA Capacity Building -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M4 19.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 17H20\"><\/path><path d=\"M6.5 3H20v18H6.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4 18.5v-13A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 3z\"><\/path><path d=\"M9 8h7\"><\/path><path d=\"M9 12h5\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>LCA capacity building \u2014 ISO-aligned program<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Execution-based capacity building for individuals and teams building practical, standards-aligned competence in LCA methodology, study design, interpretation, and reporting.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/deiso-life-cycle-assessment-lca-professional-training-programs\/\"><span>Explore program \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 5 \u2014 Senior LCA Strategic Advisory -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M6 6a6 6 0 0 0 12 0\"><\/path><path d=\"M20 6h-5a3 3 0 0 0-6 0H4\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 12v8\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 16l4 4 4-4\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>Senior LCA strategic advisory<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Senior-level <a href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/pre-submission-readiness-advisory\/\">advisory support<\/a> for LCA scope decisions, methodological architecture, study planning, and technical reinforcement for ISO-aligned LCA and EPD-related work.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/lca-strategic-advisory\/\"><span>\uc790\ubb38 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 6 \u2014 GaBi Capacity Building -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"4\" width=\"18\" height=\"14\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><path d=\"M7 20h10\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 18v2\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 9h8\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 13h5\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>GaBi (LCA for Experts) capacity building<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Structured GaBi capacity building for professionals who need deeper control over advanced modeling logic, database use, scenario structuring, and high-quality study development.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/gabi-lca-training-programs\/\"><span>Explore program \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 7 \u2014 openLCA Capacity Building -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"><\/circle><path d=\"M3 12h18\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 3a15 15 0 0 1 0 18\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 3a15 15 0 0 0 0 18\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>openLCA capacity building for professionals<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Practical openLCA capacity building for professionals seeking robust modeling skills, workflow confidence, and applied capability in one of the most widely used open-source LCA platforms.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/openlca-training-programs\/\"><span>Explore program \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 8 \u2014 SimaPro Capacity Building -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M7 17l-4-4 4-4\"><\/path><path d=\"M17 7l4 4-4 4\"><\/path><path d=\"M14 4l-4 16\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>SimaPro capacity building programs<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>SimaPro capacity building for corporate and professional use \u2014 practical implementation, methodological quality, and stronger decision-making through advanced LCA modeling.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/simapro-lca-training-programs\/\"><span>Explore program \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 9 \u2014 SimaPro Advanced Coaching -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M14 10a4 4 0 1 1-8 0 4 4 0 0 1 8 0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M14 10h7\"><\/path><path d=\"M17 7l4 3-4 3\"><\/path><path d=\"M3 20c1.5-3 4.5-4.5 7-4.5s5.5 1.5 7 4.5\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>SimaPro advanced coaching<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Coaching for experienced SimaPro users who need targeted support on advanced model refinement, troubleshooting, interpretation, or project-specific technical problem-solving.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/simapro-advanced-coaching\/\"><span>\ucf54\uce6d \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 10 \u2014 GaBi Coaching -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\"><\/circle><path d=\"M12 2v3\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 19v3\"><\/path><path d=\"M4.93 4.93l2.12 2.12\"><\/path><path d=\"M16.95 16.95l2.12 2.12\"><\/path><path d=\"M2 12h3\"><\/path><path d=\"M19 12h3\"><\/path><path d=\"M4.93 19.07l2.12-2.12\"><\/path><path d=\"M16.95 7.05l2.12-2.12\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>GaBi coaching for professionals<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Coaching for GaBi users who need focused technical guidance, model optimization support, workflow acceleration, or deeper application of advanced LCA project practices.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/gabi-professional-coaching\/\"><span>\ucf54\uce6d \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 11 \u2014 openLCA Coaching -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 9h8\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 13h5\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>openLCA \uc804\ubb38 \ucf54\uce6d<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>One-to-one or team-based coaching for experienced openLCA users who need deeper technical direction, efficient troubleshooting, and project-oriented expert support.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/openlca-professional-coaching\/\"><span>\ucf54\uce6d \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<!-- 12 \u2014 Request for Quotation -->\r\n<article class=\"deiso-lcahub-card\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-card-top\">\r\n<div class=\"deiso-lcahub-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M4 5h16v10H8l-4 4V5z\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 10h8\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 6.5h8\"><\/path><path d=\"M8 13.5h5\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5>\uacac\uc801 \uc694\uccad\ud558\uae30<\/h5>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Send DEISO a short brief of your LCA, review, advisory, database, capacity building, or coaching need and receive a tailored quotation aligned with your scope and objectives.<\/p>\r\n<a class=\"deiso-lcahub-btn deiso-lcahub-btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/contact-form\/\"><span>Request quotation \u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blog posts Overview Carbon is the building block of all organic compounds and moves continuously between living organisms, the atmosphere, the oceans, and the geological record. In carbon accounting and life cycle assessment, that carbon is separated into two categories \u2014 biogenic, originating in living biomass, and non-biogenic or fossil, originating in geological reservoirs. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":132,"featured_media":232221,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_deiso_takeaway":"","_deiso_part":0,"_deiso_aiv_faq":[{"q":"What is the difference between biogenic and non-biogenic carbon?","a":"Biogenic carbon comes from atmospheric CO\u2082 recently fixed by living organisms and held in biomass, while non-biogenic carbon comes from geological reservoirs formed over millions of years. Their CO\u2082 molecules and radiative effects are identical, but they differ in origin and carbon-cycle timescale."},{"q":"How is biogenic carbon treated in a carbon footprint or LCA?","a":"Biogenic carbon uptake is recorded as a negative flow and its release as a positive flow under the \u00b11 convention. These flows can net to zero over a complete cradle-to-grave boundary only when the biomass genuinely regrows; biogenic and fossil contributions must also be reported separately."},{"q":"What are examples of biogenic carbon?","a":"Examples include timber, paper, natural fibres, bio-based plastics, biofuels, biomass energy, food and agricultural products, organic waste, and biochar. These materials contain carbon recently fixed from atmospheric CO\u2082 by living organisms."},{"q":"What are examples of non-biogenic carbon?","a":"Examples include coal, crude oil, natural gas, conventional plastics, petrochemicals, process CO\u2082 from cement and lime, metallurgical coke, bitumen, synthetic fertilisers, carbon black, graphite, and synthetic fibres. This carbon comes from geological reservoirs or carbonate minerals and is part of the long carbon cycle."},{"q":"When is biogenic carbon not considered neutral?","a":"Biogenic carbon is not neutral when the biomass does not regrow, the study boundary excludes eventual release, timing creates a long delay before reabsorption, or land use change releases additional carbon. Biogenic methane from decomposition or digestion must also be counted because methane has a higher global warming potential than CO\u2082."}],"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[429],"tags":[745,747,700,37,483,746],"deiso_standard":[],"deiso_series":[],"deiso_issue":[],"deiso-finder":[],"content-type":[],"content-filter":[],"site-search-options":[974],"class_list":["post-229425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","tag-biogenic-carbon","tag-carbon-dioxide","tag-carbon-footprint","tag-co2","tag-co2-emissions","tag-non-biogenic-carbon","site-search-options-blog","grve-entry-item","grve-blog-item"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/dei.so\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dimethyl_Ether.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/132"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=229425"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229425\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/232221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=229425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"deiso_standard","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/deiso_standard?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"deiso_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/deiso_series?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"deiso_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/deiso_issue?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"deiso-finder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/deiso-finder?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"content-filter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-filter?post=229425"},{"taxonomy":"site-search-options","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dei.so\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/site-search-options?post=229425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}